Sunday, 25 October 2015

How is your money invested? An insight into Discretionary Investment Management and Model Portfolios

Investors can get confused with the nature of investments that they have been recommended by their financial adviser. No doubt they would have been told about the pertinent points of their investments such as charges, taxation and exposure to risk but it is important to also understand the comparative cost of what is being offered and what you can probably get elsewhere. What’s more in an ever evolving technological landscape you should also be thinking about how your provider has made use of those web based interfaces to make your investment experience that much more wholesome and inviting.

It’s easy to be intimidated by jargon and an articulate professional, but in truth there is really no substitute for logic and common sense. Investors should be confident that they understand the services being offered and in that regard ask the questions that appear to sound stupid and not be afraid to seek justification for claims being made. Simply asking, ‘How? What? Why?’ can go a long way in testing the competency of any professional consultant.

One such area where confusion can exist is the different approaches to fund management and the costs associated with the respective approaches. There are however two areas that would be useful to understand and they are referred to as Discretionary Investment Management (DIM) or as its old moniker Discretionary Fund Management (DFM) and since 2012 the rise of Model Portfolios; but in order to understand them both we need some historical context.

Since 2012, the financial services industry has changed radically following the implementation of what was known as the Retail Distribution Review or RDR, and it is generally agreed for the better, especially in relation to improving the competency of financial advisers, the transparency in costs and the investment management service itself.

In the past advisers retained the responsibility for fund selection and asset allocation and would require consent to make changes to the overall portfolio. This was known as an ‘advisory portfolio’; this ‘advisory portfolio’ included a form of fund management services, although, within the ‘advisory portfolio’ it was limited to the particular fund that particular fund manager was in charge of. So there would essentially be multiple fund managers, all working independently of each other, contributing to the performance of the wider portfolio which had the oversight of the financial adviser.

Also during this period a premium service existed that could manage a client’s entire investment portfolio day to day  and that particular service offering was provided by a DFM who would construct a portfolio based on the client’s attitude to risk and investment strategy i.e. particular ethical considerations or interest in niche investment areas which would all be explored by the adviser. 

However, the DFM would not need to seek consent from the client to make decisions to alter the holdings in order to respond to market changes, which was crucial in reducing risk and maximising market opportunities. Now the privilege of having a DFM to manage your investments would often require several hundred thousands of pounds to invest due to the associated costs of research and day to day investment management, thus this being of benefit to the few with the rest having to rely on the more accessible and cheaper ‘advisory portfolios’.

Now fast forward to today and the investment universe has evolved, with contributory influences coming from I.T and now DIM service providers. The I.T industry has recognised that they can provide an interface between fund management and the client and the DIMs have thought about ways to implement solutions for both advisers having to deal with the change in the regulatory landscape mandating better investment management for their clients but also recognising a market opportunity to service clients with less than the several hundred thousand to invest.

This has led to the development of model portfolios which comprise of a bespoke mix of investments for a number of different risk profiles. The adviser concludes which model would be suitable for you and invests your monies into that portfolio. On the face of it, it appears similar to what DFMs end up doing i.e. managing your monies in line with the parameters given by your adviser but crucially I.T plays a significant part in ensuring a model portfolio retains its integrity throughout the year via periodic rebalancing. This means that based on market movements, a particular asset class may become disproportionately represented due to its increase or decrease in value thereby affecting the risk vs reward balance. In order to mitigate an adverse exposure to risk, units or shares are automatically sold to return the portfolio to its initial position.

Whereas with a discretionary investment management service you have a specific investment team looking after your portfolio day to day, with a model portfolio, you still have access to those specialist fund managers focusing on their respective areas independently but I.T plays a crucial role in ensuring your portfolio is not exposed to too much risk or maintaining levels to encourage efficient rewards.


It is for this reason, model portfolios tend to be considerably cheaper than DIM services and for the majority of investors where a bespoke investment strategy guided by the client is not required, it offers a sensible solution to meet their needs. 

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